While some aspects of the oud-playing world, like Iran, experienced fretted ouds every one of the way through the tenth to 17th centuries, they had been often within a minority. Alfonso X, “The Clever”, 1221-1284, was King of Castile along with other locations in modern day Spain and Portugal, https://franciscowylvf.blogdigy.com/music-oud-fundamentals-explained-52909166